This book reviews the entire history of life on Earth, from its first appearance to the complexity of our times. Countless species have disappeared, leaving space for the birth and diversification of new forms of life. In the history of life on Earth, five crises have deeply altered the biodiversity of our planet. Two of them are described here in particular detail: the one that brought about the extinction of dinosaurs and the crisis threatening biodiversity today. Both are climatic in origin, but the latter was likely provoked by the population explosion and the resulting activities that ensued.